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IBM and Software Patents

IBM's patent department is actively lobbying Europe to legalise software patents. They have invested millions in fighting example cases to leading European lawcourts such as the EPO's Technical Boards of Appeal and the German Federal Court in order to soften and eventually remove European restrictions on patenting software. They have also threatened European politicians that IBM might close down local facilities if software patents are not legalised in Europe. IBM has also prevented the US government from conducting studies on the value of software patents for the national economy. In the wake of the Opensource hype, IBM's rhetoric has become relatively moderate, but nonetheless it is supported by real pressure. IBM has acquired approximately 1000 European software patents whose legal status is currently unclear. Given the great number of software patents in IBM's hands, IBM is one of the few software companies who may have a genuine interest in software patentability. Once software patents become assertable in Europe, an IBM tax of several billion EUR per year may be levied on European software companies.

Creating Pro-Swpat Caselaw and Lobbying in Europe

IBM's patent lawyers have fought most of the landmark cases through the European Patent Office (EPO) and the German courts in order to make software patentable in Europe. Most recently, IBM's chief lawyer, Fritz Teufel, has pressed a spellcheck patent all the way to the highest court and obtained a (somewhat sleazy and half-hearted) legalisation of computer program claims. In 1998 IBM obtained the same from the EPO.

Moreover IBM representatives were active in various organisations and lobbied governments to permit software patents. In Sep 2000 The Gesellschaft für Informatik (GI) published pro swpat press releases that were immediately echoed by the association's vice president, Andrea Grimm, who is an IBM manager. When questioned by some critical members of GI, Ms Grimm stated that IBM is against trivial software patents and that software patents can harmoniously coexist with opensource software.

IBM patent department representatives gave strong statements in favor of software patentability at several meetings at EU and national levels. In private meetings with government officials in 1997/98 they have pressure governments to push the European patent legislation toward official recognition of software patetents and announce that IBM will make its investments in a specific country dependent on that country's government's favorable behavior.

Preventing Investigations in the US

IBM has for many years sponsored the Software Patents Institute, which failed to solve the problem of software prior art while consuming a lot of state and industry money. In 1998, IBM exerted pressure on the Clinton administration to prevent one of the president's advisers from ordering a thourough survey of patent quality and of the effects of the recent expansion of patentability.

see Aborted Whitehouse Study on Software Patents 1998

License income from IBM patent portfolio

Around 1990, IBM was not aggressively asserting its software patents but rather using them to gain access to key innovations of competitors, as IBM manager Roger Smith explained at the time.

Business Week had an article about how IBM uses its patents to press money out of the American software industry. This amount is enough to build many IBM business centers throughout Europe. The question is only, whether Europe should accept the IBM tax or not rather do something on its own to foster the development of software.

BIG BLUE IS OUT TO COLLAR SOFTWARE SCOFFLAWS

Business Week: March 17, 1997

...

Big Blue holds more software patents than any other company in the world. That's great for bragging rights, but it does little for the bottom line. Now, however, IBM sees money in that trove of intellectual property--and its efforts to collect are making other software companies hopping mad. Lawyers for Big Blue are searching for software companies that it says should be paying royalties but aren't. Over the past several months, IBM has been quietly pursuing patent claims against such well-known software companies as Oracle, Computer Associates, Adobe Systems, Autodesk, Intuit, and Informix. IBM is also pressing a software claim against computer maker Sequent Computer Systems Inc.

...

Now, Reback is hurling charges against IBM similar to those he leveled at Microsoft. "IBM shows up the same way someone might demand protection money," he says. Officials at the companies confirm that IBM has contacted them, but most refuse to talk publicly. Collecting the patent royalties could add millions to IBM's net profits. In 1995--the last year IBM released figures--the company took in $650 million from royalties on all patents, software and hardware alike. Insiders say that senior managers believe IBM could collect $1 billion a year from its patents.

When IBM strikes a royalty agreement, it collects 1% to 5% of the retail price of a product using the covered technology. That's a sliding scale depending on the number of patents involved. If IBM can collect royalties from those companies using its approximately 2,500 U.S. software patents, it could reap almost as much from software as the $200 million in royalties it gets from PC makers. Reback says he was told IBM asked one software maker to pay $30 million to $40 million a year.

Indeed, some folks in the computer and software businesses fear that the whole industry could wind up paying a 1% to 5% tax to IBM. "It's hard to be in the computing business--hardware or software--and not infringe on a couple of dozen IBM patents, if not more," says Greg Aharonian, a patent consultant. Meanwhile, other technology companies are following IBM's lead. Says Richard A. McGinn, president of Lucent Technologies Inc.: "We've seen IBM become much more aggressive, and we are, too."

IBM has patented everything from the software to automatically return the cursor to the start of the next line on a computer screen to a state-of-the-art virus-detection program. So far, it has made claims against companies by invoking patents including a spell-check function and techniques for how a database program handles queries and runs on so-called parallel-processing computers.

Software companies aren't eager to settle. Intuit Inc., for one, rejected a patent license deal that IBM offered. Some companies are afraid that paying now will set a precedent, making it harder to say no later. "If we sign up with IBM today, then what happens in three or five years, when the patent agreement expires?" asks Oracle Corp. patent attorney Allen Wagner. With all the skirmishing that lies ahead, this dispute is still in Version 1.0.

->IBM 2003-01: 3288 US patents in 2002, 10 bn IP royalties in 10 years
An IBM press release about the patent figures of 2002, which celebrates the continued champion position of IBM in patent numbers among the IT companies, with Canon and HP lagging far behind. The article does not disclose how much of the "10 bn IP royalties in 10 years" is due to patents and how much to copyright and other legal titles.
->WIRED: IBM Patent Revenues in 2000
Reports license revenue figures but fails to distinguish between patents and copyright:
IBM touted 2,886 patents last year, of which a third -- 962 concepts -- shipped in the form of products. IBM raked in $1.6 billion in intellectual property license fees last year, according to company spokesman Tim Blair.
->Inc.com 01/09: Patent Licensing Strategies
Advises patent departments on when to embark on an aggressive patent enforcement and royalty-collecting strategy and how to get corporate support behind it. In order to profit from patents it is necessary to transform the company and orient it around a patent strategy unit. Names IBM royalty income figures as a success example. Again the figures relate to "IP" and it is unclear how much of this is based on patents.
->Reback on IBM's predatory patent practises
The american attorney Gary Reback is known for his role in the procedings against anti-competitive practises by Microsoft. In the 80s, working for Sun Microsystems, he got to know IBM's patent portfolio. 14 IBM lawyers + assistants visited the young firm and asked for 20 million USD without even showing any infringement by Sun. They got what they asked for and proceded to the next victim.
->Forbes 2003/08/07: IBM's Path From Invention To Income
According to statistics in this article, IBM spent $4.75 billion on research and development, and this article suggests, but does not say clearly, that this is turned into profit mainly by means of patent licensing rather than by application development.
But over the last several years IBM has brought research out of the shadows and in front of customers. Much of the focus has been on software, which accounts for 15% of IBM's revenue and one-third of its profits. Software now contributes almost half of its patents, compared with less than 10% five years ago. With more than 22,000 patents in total, IBM has been granted more patents than any company in the world for the past decade. According to Paul Horn, IBM's senior vice president of research, IBM has generated $1 billion in profit--that's profit, not sales--by licensing intellectual property developed by its researchers.

Recently a somewhat Cautious Policy in Europe?

IBM is one of the few companies in the software area that speak independently and with a certain degree of coherence between the departments about their patent policy.

The speeches by IBM patent law experts such as David Kappos can be astonishing. On 2001-10-20 at a hearing in London, Kappos incurred the wrath of european patent lawyers by criticising the effects of business method patents and trivial patents on the economy and asking the people from the European Commission not to follow the USA but rather to apply stricter standards of "technical contribution" and non-obviousness. When vocal patent lawyers such as Jürgen Betten protested, saying that IBM was profiting most of all from this system and now apparently "once again, as in the 70s" turning its back on their allies, Kappos responded along the lines of:

For us as a company adjusting to whatever system there is is a question of survival. If the mayor hands out guns to everybody in town, you can bet IBM is going to get some of the best guns. That doesn't mean that we are necessarily in favor of a liberal gun policy.

This did not prevent IBM from factually doing everything to push software patentability in Europe. They merely took a more cautious rhetoric, and it seems that they are, unlike GE and some other american companies, not doing this merely because the patent department follows a patent movement agenda, but also because they do not want their server market to be blocked by business method patents, of which IBM does not have so many yet. This is indeed similar to their motivation to oppose software patents in the 1970s.

Perhaps IBM is not quite united on this issue. In its upcoming UK Patent Orifice rally in Brussels, the British patent movement invited Fritz Teufel instead of David Kappos. As a pure lawyer, Teufel is unlikely to change the hardline views which were the keys of his successes in european courts until now.

IBM Patent Movement vs IBM

Although IBM may be earning substantial revenues from its large collection of trivial software patents, it is not sure that unlimited patentability is in the best interest even of IBM. Patent managment generates costs that were not considered in the above calculations. Specialised litigation companies acquire patents in order to go after giants. IBM could perhaps be even more profitable if it didn't dedicate so much of its ressources to this type of warfare. Building the business strategy on patents is increasingly appearing incoherent with IBM's strong support for opensource software and the significant business it has generated therefrom.

IBM afraid of working with GNU/Linux because of the risk of infringing a patent

In an interview from 2002/02, a leading developper working for IBM explained some aspects of IBM's patent policy and its conflict with the policy of supporting GNU/Linux.

Dr. Karl-Heinz Strassemeyer basically said:

  • IBM does not ship any free software that infringes on patents.[1]
  • IBM only submits patches to the Linux kernel after a formal procedure of patent clearance
  • IBM does not do distributions because the risk of infringing a patent that way is too high.
  • IBM does not deploy Linux in embedded systems of devices which it sells because someone might find that the kernel infringes on a patent and then sue IBM.

As explained above, IBM has become a favorite target of specialised patent litigation companies. IBM attracts such companies more than any small Linux distributor at present.

IBM E-Patents at the European Patent Office (EPO)

pat pubdat invention
ep0588046    
ep1435557 2004-07-07 Restricted access of applications to hardware resources
ep1429258 2004-06-16 DATA PROCESSING METHOD, DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM, AND PROGRAM
ep1396839 2004-03-10 CONTENT BOUNDARY DETECTING DEVICE, MONITORING METHOD, CONTENT POSITION DETERMINING METHOD, PROGRAM, AND STORAGE MEDIUM
ep1388791 2004-02-11 SERVER, COMPUTER SYSTEM, OBJECT MANAGEMENT METHOD, SERVER CONTROL METHOD, COMPUTER PROGRAM
ep1327249 2003-07-29 Method to descramble the data mapping in memory circuits
ep1315067 2003-05-28 Method and system for using a virus free file certificate
ep1425706 2003-02-20 SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR COLLABORATIVE HANDWRITING INPUT
ep1285399 2003-02-18 Enhanced compression of gray-level images
ep1399785 2003-01-16 A SCHEDULING METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING EXECUTION OF PROCESSES
ep1399785 2003-01-16 A SCHEDULING METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING EXECUTION OF PROCESSES
ep1399841 2002-12-19 SYSTEM & METHOD OF MAPPING BETWEEN SOFTWARE OBJECTS & STRUCTURED LANGUAGE ELEMENT-BASED DOCUMENTS
ep1267545 2002-12-18 Intrusion detection in data processing system
ep1402385 2002-11-28 DYNAMIC DEPLOYMENT OF SERVICES IN A COMPUTING NETWORK
ep1390878 2002-10-24 DATA LOADING FROM A REMOTE DATA SOURCE
ep1390878 2002-10-24 DATA LOADING FROM A REMOTE DATA SOURCE
ep1166582 2002-10-22 Enabling conformance to legislative requirements for mobile devices
ep1246060 2002-10-02 Method and apparatus for providing multi-path I/O in non-concurrent clustering environment using SCSI persistent reserve
ep1244015 2002-09-25 Parallel replication mechanism for state information produced by serialized processing
ep1410203 2002-09-03 System and method for implementing proximity or location driven activities
ep1116123 2002-08-20 Memory controller with programmable delay counter for tuning performance based on timing parameter of controlled memory storage device
ep1231716 2002-08-14 Decimal to binary coder/decoder
ep1229454 2002-08-07 Method and apparatus for statistical text filtering
ep1227386 2002-07-31 Access control for computers
ep1225517 2002-07-24 System and methods for computer based searching for relevant texts
ep1346296 2002-07-11 LOSSY INDEX COMPRESSION
ep1220113 2002-07-03 Dynamically displaying markup language form elements
ep1344150 2002-06-27 FACILITATING ACCESS TO A RESOURCE OF AN ON-LINE SERVICE
ep1217552 2002-06-26 Http archive file
ep1217513 2002-06-26 Method for handling 32 bit results for an out-of-order processor with a 64 bit architecture
ep1215682 2002-06-19 Initializing an integrated circuit using compressed data from a remote fusebox
ep1215627 2002-06-19 Method and circuits for encoding an input pattern using a normalizer and a classifier
ep1215590 2002-06-19 Method and system for scalable, high performance hierarchical storage management
ep1215585 2002-06-19 Virtualization of i/o adapter resources
ep1215576 2002-06-19 Automatic application restart in an embedded environment
ep1211906 2002-06-05 System and method for dynamic local phone directory
ep1211864 2002-06-05 Methodology for improving TCP throughput over lossy communication links
ep1211626 2002-06-05 User interactive administration program framework
ep1211600 2002-06-05 Policy management for distributed computing and a method for aging statistics
ep1209660 2002-05-29 Voice navigation in web applications
ep1209551 2002-05-29 System and method of preventing unauthorized access to computer resources
ep1207467 2002-05-22 Highlighting world wide web documents of special interest in a displayed session history list of web documents received during a web access session at a receiving web display station
ep1207454 2002-05-22 Java run-time system with modified linking identifiers
ep1368722 2002-05-16 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR WEB-BASED CROSS-DOMAIN SINGLE-SIGN-ON AUTHENTICATION
ep1368722 2002-05-16 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR WEB-BASED CROSS-DOMAIN SINGLE-SIGN-ON AUTHENTICATION
ep1206107 2002-05-15 Method of associating multi-lingual audio recording with objects in an internet presentation system
ep1205907 2002-05-15 Phonetic context adaptation for improved speech recognition
ep1205860 2002-05-15 Method of defining variables to be used in a multi-lingual Internet presentation system
ep0879544 2002-05-14 Parallel on-the-fly processing of fixed length cells
ep1204036 2002-05-08 System and method for visualization of web data
ep1202571 2002-05-02 Controlled access to audio signals based objectionable audio content detected via sound recognition
ep1202495 2002-05-02 Methodology for managing power consumption in master driven time division duplex wireless network
ep1202159 2002-05-02 Method and system utilizing data fragments for efficiently importing/exporting removable storage volumes
ep0931290 2002-04-30 Address mapping for system memory
ep1327190 2002-04-25 REALTIME CONFIGURATION UPDATES AND SOFTWARE DISTRIBUTION TO ACTIVE CLIENT POSITIONS
ep1327190 2002-04-25 REALTIME CONFIGURATION UPDATES AND SOFTWARE DISTRIBUTION TO ACTIVE CLIENT POSITIONS
ep1199677 2002-04-24 Printing system with data backup for paper jam recovery
ep1199634 2002-04-24 Handling memory exhaustion in a data processing system
ep1370978 2002-04-18 A UNIVERSAL OUTPUT CONSTRUCTOR FOR XML QUERIES
ep1370978 2002-04-18 A UNIVERSAL OUTPUT CONSTRUCTOR FOR XML QUERIES
ep1198098 2002-04-17 Switching arrangement and method with separated output buffers
ep1197856 2002-04-17 Guaranteed end-to-end transaction execution in a client/server environment
ep1197849 2002-04-17 Taxonomy generation support for workflow management systems
ep1068571 2002-04-16 Apparatus, method & computer program product for client/server computing with client selectable location of transaction objects
ep0832478 2002-04-16 Display apparatus with selectable communication protocol
ep1330788 2002-04-11 APPARATUS, METHODS, AND COMPILERS ENABLING PROCESSING OF MULTIPLE SIGNED INDEPENDENT DATA ELEMENTS PER REGISTER
ep1195694 2002-04-10 Automatic determination of OLAP Cube dimensions
ep1410168 2002-04-04 AN EFFICIENT TIMER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
ep1410168 2002-04-04 AN EFFICIENT TIMER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
ep1320973 2002-04-04 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR NETWORKED INFORMATION DISSEMINATION THROUGH SECURE TRANSCODING
ep1320973 2002-04-04 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR NETWORKED INFORMATION DISSEMINATION THROUGH SECURE TRANSCODING
ep1320847 2002-04-04 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR SYNCHRONIZING AUDIO AND VISUAL PRESENTATION IN A MULTI-MODAL CONTENT RENDERER
ep1320847 2002-04-04 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR SYNCHRONIZING AUDIO AND VISUAL PRESENTATION IN A MULTI-MODAL CONTENT RENDERER
ep1193599 2002-04-03 Pictorial-based user interface management of computer hardware components
ep1410167 2002-03-28 MUTABILITY ANALYSIS IN JAVA
ep1410167 2002-03-28 MUTABILITY ANALYSIS IN JAVA
ep1191443 2002-03-27 Method and system for testing a processor
ep1191422 2002-03-27 Transparent digital rights management for extendible content viewers
ep1364311 2002-03-21 A METHOD AND AN APPARATUS FOR DISPLAYING SECTIONS OF WEB PAGES IN MULTIPLE MODES
ep1364311 2002-03-21 A METHOD AND AN APPARATUS FOR DISPLAYING SECTIONS OF WEB PAGES IN MULTIPLE MODES
ep1189154 2002-03-20 Method, system, and program for implementing scrollable cursors in a database
ep1287480 2002-03-19 Automatic location of address information on parcels sent by mass mailers
ep1368737 2002-03-14 SOFTWARE SECURE AUTHENTICATED CHANNEL
ep1368737 2002-03-14 SOFTWARE SECURE AUTHENTICATED CHANNEL
ep1316187 2002-03-14 SYSTEM COMMUNICATION BETWEEN COMPUTER SYSTEMS
ep1316187 2002-03-14 SYSTEM COMMUNICATION BETWEEN COMPUTER SYSTEMS
ep1187336 2002-03-13 Compression in the presence of shared data
ep1187040 2002-03-13 Caching customized information
ep1187017 2002-03-13 File system locking
ep1186998 2002-03-13 A dynamic shortcut to reverse autonomous computer program actions
ep1366433 2002-03-07 TEMPORARY DIRECTORY MANAGEMENT
ep1366433 2002-03-07 TEMPORARY DIRECTORY MANAGEMENT
ep1185041 2002-03-06 OSPF autonomous system with a backbone divided into two sub-areas
ep1185029 2002-03-06 Service deployment in data networks
ep1185024 2002-03-06 System, method, and program for managing a user key used to sign a message for a data processing system
ep1374060 2002-02-28 GATHERING ENRICHED WEB SERVER ACTIVITY DATA OF CACHED WEB CONTENT
ep1374060 2002-02-28 GATHERING ENRICHED WEB SERVER ACTIVITY DATA OF CACHED WEB CONTENT
ep1325428 2002-02-28 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CASE CONVERSION
ep1325428 2002-02-28 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CASE CONVERSION
ep1182589 2002-02-27 Provision of electronic documents from cached portions
ep1405182 2002-02-21 METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR USE IN AN ASYNCHRONOUS MESSAGING SYSTEM
ep1405182 2002-02-21 METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR USE IN AN ASYNCHRONOUS MESSAGING SYSTEM
ep1309877 2002-02-21 METHOD TO DESCRAMBLE THE DATA MAPPING IN MEMORY CIRCUITS
ep1157321 2002-02-19 Trust negotiation in a client/server data processing network using automatic incremental credential disclosure
ep1179789 2002-02-13 Method and system for accessing information on a network
ep1179777 2002-02-13 Generation of runtime execution traces of applications and error detection
ep1179774 2002-02-13 Apparatus and method for sharing data across a plurality of devices
ep1178658 2002-02-06 Voice over IP based system for internet browsing using a gateway
ep1303849 2002-01-31 METHOD AND APPARATUS IN A DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM FOR DYNAMIC GRAPHICS CONTEXT SWITCHING
ep1303849 2002-01-31 METHOD AND APPARATUS IN A DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM FOR DYNAMIC GRAPHICS CONTEXT SWITCHING
ep1176828 2002-01-30 Method and system for data communication
ep1176531 2002-01-30 System and method for assisting user shopping over computer networks
ep1176521 2002-01-30 System and method for providing decentralised e-commerce
ep1221100 2002-01-29 Method and system for controlling access share storage devices in a network environment by configuring host-to-volume mapping data structures in the controller memory for granting and denying access to the devices
ep1309964 2002-01-24 FAST FREQUENCY-DOMAIN PITCH ESTIMATION
ep1175041 2002-01-23 Configuration control of a computer network
ep1174814 2002-01-23 Apparatus, system and method to provide market impressions for a centralized software evaluation portal
ep1174796 2002-01-23 System and method for instrumenting application class files
ep1174787 2002-01-23 Scaling icons in a data processing system
ep1299842 2002-01-17 WEB-BASED SECURED METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR COLLABORATIVE INVENTIONS CREATION
ep1299842 2002-01-17 WEB-BASED SECURED METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR COLLABORATIVE INVENTIONS CREATION
ep1172978 2002-01-16 Diversity detection of PPM signals
ep1172960 2002-01-16 Apparatus and method for determining the quality of a digital signal
ep1172729 2002-01-16 Apparatus and method for cataloguing symbolic data for use in performance analysis of computer programs
ep1172726 2002-01-16 Pervasive computing device and method
ep1170923 2002-01-09 Interception method and system for compensating disadvantageous characteristics of a communication protocol
ep1170726 2002-01-09 Speech recognition correction for devices having limited or no display
ep1170664 2002-01-09 Method and apparatus for device management, and internet service provision method
ep1170661 2002-01-09 Method and system for improving performance of applications that employ a cross-language interface
ep1168770 2002-01-02 A pervasive dock and router with communication protocol converter
ep1168769 2002-01-02 Demand pull-multichannel asynchronous data and application synchronization for pervasive devices
ep1168304 2002-01-02 Method of managing a speech cache
ep1168165 2002-01-02 Device and method for updating code
ep1099162 2002-01-01 Method and tool for generating and displaying a descriptive annotation of selected application data
ep1398741 2001-12-20 METHOD, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR REDUCING HACKING SUSCEPTIBILITY
ep1398741 2001-12-20 METHOD, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR REDUCING HACKING SUSCEPTIBILITY
ep1290822 2001-12-20 METHOD, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR REDUCING HACKING SUSCEPTIBILITY
ep1290822 2001-12-20 METHOD, SYSTEMS AND COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR REDUCING HACKING SUSCEPTIBILITY
ep1164481 2001-12-19 Object identifier based protocols in a distributed data processing system
ep1164480 2001-12-19 Method, System and program product for a partitioned processing environment
ep1162863 2001-12-12 Management of protocol information in PNNI hierarchical networks
ep1162806 2001-12-12 Simultaneous viewing and/or listening to a plurality of transmitted multimedia streams through a centralized processing space
ep1162530 2001-12-12 System, apparatus and method for presentation and manipulation of syntax objects
ep1161047 2001-12-05 Optimized web browsing for wireless devices
ep1161029 2001-12-05 Managing system resources
ep1160672 2001-12-05 System and method for caching sets of objects
ep1160667 2001-12-05 System for enabling a plurality of computer users to identify objects in a collaborative work
ep1158745 2001-11-28 Method and system for secure pervasive access
ep1158385 2001-11-28 Trust-based link access control
ep1154632 2001-11-14 Method, system, program and data structure for generating raster objects
ep1154610 2001-11-14 Methods and system for defeating TCP Syn flooding attacks
ep1152352 2001-11-07 System and method for handling files in a distributed data storage environment
ep1152351 2001-11-07 Transferring related data objects in a distributed data storage environment
ep1150262 2001-10-31 Payment for network-based commercial transactions using a mobile phone
ep1150226 2001-10-31 Data mining techniques for enhancing shelf-space management
ep1131712 2001-10-23 Transaction processing system, method and computer program product
ep1293067 2001-10-18 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CUSTOMIZING AND FORWARDING PARAMETERS IN A NETWORK PROCESSOR
ep1293067 2001-10-18 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CUSTOMIZING AND FORWARDING PARAMETERS IN A NETWORK PROCESSOR
ep1146729 2001-10-17 Method and system for streaming media data in heterogenous environments
ep1046107 2001-10-09 Apparatus, method and computer program product for client/server computing with intelligent location of transaction objects
ep1139205 2001-10-04 Computer power management in a data processing system based on required battery life
ep1134644 2001-09-19 Method and system for verifying access to a network environment
ep1360589 2001-09-13 SYSTEM, METHOD AND PROGRAM FOR ORDERED ANTICIPATORY CACHING OF LINKED FILES IN A CLIENT/SERVER NETWORK
ep1360589 2001-09-13 SYSTEM, METHOD AND PROGRAM FOR ORDERED ANTICIPATORY CACHING OF LINKED FILES IN A CLIENT/SERVER NETWORK
ep1132847 2001-09-12 System and method for collaborative multi-device web browsing
ep1132799 2001-09-12 Method and system for generating and using a virus free file certificate
ep1128635 2001-08-29 Naming convention for different types of devices, and apparatus and methods using the naming convention
ep1128612 2001-08-29 Transmission of high-priority, real-time traffic on low-speed communications links
ep1128608 2001-08-29 Method and means for classifying data packets
ep1128281 2001-08-29 System and method for accessing non-relational data by relational access methods
ep1076845 2001-08-28 Royalty collection method and system for use of copyrighted digital materials on the internet
ep0830779 2001-08-28 World wide web voice mail system
ep1256053 2001-08-23 SECONDARY REORDER BUFFER MICROPROCESSOR
ep1256053 2001-08-23 SECONDARY REORDER BUFFER MICROPROCESSOR
ep1126373 2001-08-22 Storage allocation system and method
ep1126369 2001-08-22 Method and system for supporting multiple operating systems on the same disk running on different computers at the same time
ep1212675 2001-08-21 Event-driven communications interface for logically-partitioned computer
ep1204919 2001-08-14 Introspective editor system, program, and method for software translation
ep1122655 2001-08-08 Data compression apparatus, database system, data communication system, data compression method, storage medium and program transmission apparatus
ep1118933 2001-07-25 Method, system, program, and data structures for transforming an instruction in a first bit architecture to an instruction in a second bit architecture
ep1117257 2001-07-18 Method and system for enabling real-time interactive e-commerce transactions
ep1117205 2001-07-18 Method and system of marking a text document with a pattern of extra blanks for authentication
ep1244964 2001-07-12 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR FRAME AND PROTOCOL CLASSIFICATION
ep1244964 2001-07-12 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR FRAME AND PROTOCOL CLASSIFICATION
ep1115225 2001-07-11 Method and system for end-to-end problem determination and fault isolation for storage area networks
ep1115089 2001-07-11 Method of run-length encoding
ep1115074 2001-07-11 A method for inter-enterprise role-based authorization
ep1113606 2001-07-04 Method of disseminating broadcast information
ep1113432 2001-07-04 Method and system for detecting identical digital data
ep1109408 2001-06-20 Transcoding for data communications
ep1109384 2001-06-20 Interactive multimedia response system
ep1107504 2001-06-13 Method of updating encryption keys in a data communication system
ep1107209 2001-06-13 Remote control of appliance using a portable digital device
ep1107157 2001-06-13 System and method for performing predictive analysis
ep1107137 2001-06-13 Digital content distribution using web broadcasting services
ep1107124 2001-06-13 Establishment of information display policy for diverse display devices
ep1107112 2001-06-13 Pervasive computing device
ep0839350 2001-06-12 Optimized synchronization procedure
ep1232627 2001-05-31 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING TRANSMISSION OF PACKETS IN COMPUTER NETWORKS
ep1232627 2001-05-31 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING TRANSMISSION OF PACKETS IN COMPUTER NETWORKS
ep1104157 2001-05-30 Phone system with multiple capabilities for establishing telephone calls using the internet network
ep1102149 2001-05-23 Dynamic adjustment of I/O configuration
ep1228409 2001-05-17 WIRELESS SECURITY ACCESS MANAGEMENT FOR A PORTABLE DATA STORAGE CARTRIDGE
ep1228409 2001-05-17 WIRELESS SECURITY ACCESS MANAGEMENT FOR A PORTABLE DATA STORAGE CARTRIDGE
ep1100013 2001-05-16 Methods and systems for multi-modal browsing and implementation of a conversational markup language
ep0834132 2001-05-15 Enhanced security for computer system resources with a resource access authorization control facility that creates files and provides increased granularity of resource permission
ep0760133 2001-05-01 Integrated level two cache and controller with multiple ports, L1 bypass and concurrent accessing
ep1094649 2001-04-25 Method and system of enforcing the dispatching of IP datagrams on a plurality of servers according to a defined policy
ep1093070 2001-04-18 Method and apparatus for dynamic targeting of streaming media using statistical data
ep1089207 2001-04-04 Method and apparatus for dynamic distribution of controlled and additional selective overlays in a streaming media
ep1089197 2001-04-04 Determining a workbasket indentification for an item in a data store
ep1027650 2001-04-03 Altering thread priorities in a multithreaded processor
ep1087318 2001-03-28 Electronic redeeming of coupons and product discounts utilizing a networked products database
ep1407342 2001-03-22 SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR HOST VOLUME MAPPING FOR SHARED STORAGE VOLUMES IN A MULTI-HOST COMPUTING ENVIRONMENT
ep1183594 2001-03-20 Data set user interface control for use in accessing information in a computer
ep1081899 2001-03-07 Method of configurating an OSPF interface
ep1081591 2001-03-07 Random number generator
ep1081585 2001-03-07 Method and system for reporting disk utilisations for disk subsystems
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ep1197052 2001-01-11 DYNAMIC CONNECTION TO MULTIPLE ORIGIN SERVERS IN A TRANSCODING PROXY
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ep1135890 2000-06-08 DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REMOTELY DISABLING NETWORK ACTIVITY IN A CLIENT COMPUTER SYSTEM
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ep0961490 1999-12-01 Internet convolution audio/video server
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