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| Bessen & H 2003/05 | Bessen & M 2000 | Somaya & T 2000 | Waterson & I 1998 | Hall & H 1999 | Kortum & L 1998 |
Far from unleashing a flurry of new innovative activity, these stronger property rights ushered in a period of stagnant, if not declining, R&D among those industries and firms that patented most.